OSI Model
The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model is a fundamental framework in computer networking that standardizes the functions of a telecommunication or computing system. Developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in the late 1970s, the model consists of seven layers, each representing different aspects of network communication. 1. Physical Layer: This is the foundational layer, dealing with the physical connection between devices. It includes cables, switches, and the electrical signals that travel over these connections. 2. Data Link Layer: Responsible for node-to-node data transfer, this layer handles error detection and correction. It ensures that data packets are delivered to the correct device on a local network. 3. Network Layer: Here, the focus shifts to the routing of data across multiple networks. This layer manages logical addressing and ensures data packets are sent to their destination through the most efficient route. 4. Transport Layer: T...